And the Earth Did not Devour Him by Tomas Rivera

As a nation of immigrants, American history cannot be written exclusively in a single perspective particularly of the dominant ethnic group. A comprehensive depiction of our history requires the inclusion and accommodation of the experience of every member of modern American society.Tomas Rivera’s â€Å"And the earth did not devour him†, is a literary piece that provides an supplemental presentation of the US history in the perspective a beleaguered group of Mexican farmers albeit obliquely creating the impression that the US government and its business capitalist partners are the oppressors.The story was set sometime between the 1940’s and 1950’s during which many Mexicans came to the US to work as farmers under the Bracero (manual labor) Program.This program which was instituted by both the Mexican and US government to cover the need for workers lost during the previous world wars, became a channel for the exploitation and social discrimination of the te mporary manpower imported from Mexico instead of providing for the fair treatment of Mexicans workers in the US.   Many transient Mexican workers (braceros) illegally entered the US instead of returning to Mexico after the expiration of their work contracts.This prompted the US government to deport over 3 million Mexican migrants without proper regard to their individual rights, without effectively differentiating legal   and illegal migrants and without due consideration to the disintegration of family relations.  In a series of different stories often with unnamed characters, Tomas Rivera’s novel generally captures the struggles and challenges in the lives of Latino migrant workers in their employment in America.The Struggle of the Mexican AmericanMexico leads in the Latino immigration to the U.S. The sharp rise of illegal immigrants from Mexico especially with the Braceros program created political tensions between the US and Mexico. History would almost always recou nt the illegal immigration of Mexican farmers by reporting the series of steps used by the US government in combating illegal immigration.For example, aside from the massive deportation of illegal Mexican immigrants (i.e. Operation Wetback) initiated by the Eisenhower administration, the US government instigated a U.S.-Mexico free trade agreement with the objective of generating jobs in Mexico in order to prevent, discourage and decrease the pour of Mexican workers illegally entering the US soil.Strict laws that called for tighter restrictions on legal and illegal immigration to regulate the U.S.-Mexico border were implemented.Later on, many American states adopted the English only policy which delegates English as the exclusive official language. The standardization of language was accordingly intended to warrant the integration of Mexican immigrants in the American community. (Stacy, p 609-613)This example of historical account along with similar and related events tends to reduce the incidence of immigrant farm workers in the United States in American history as a mere issue of illegal immigration without due consideration and recognition to the unique experience and socio-political circumstances of Mexican migrant workers in South Texas.By recording the lives and recounting the traditional trails of an immigrant population, the novel produces in an artistic yet authentic literary piece the spiritual history of a people thereby providing them a distinct cultural voice.In light of their family’s struggle to become part of America,   Ã‚  the protagonist in the novel undergoes intimate and spiritual moments of resolving one's identity, family and society beyond the sheer politics of defying the dominant culture. In one instance, he even questioned God‘s wisdom in their plight.â€Å"God could not care less about the poor. Tell me, why must we live here like this? What have we done to deserve this? You’re so good and yet you have to suffer so much† (Rivera, p 189)The stories in the novel practically served to support and confirmed the hardships and brutalities that the immigrant Mexican farmers faced at work. In the story, â€Å"That It Hurts†, one boy was expelled from school because he was Mexican.In another terrifying story, â€Å"The Children Couldn't Wait†, a boy was killed because he couldn’t comply with the boss’s insistence that the workers should wait to drink water, a privilege freely endowed to cattle but not to the Mexican workers.   The farmers bear long hours of intense work, modest food and deficient accommodations in their camps for a meager pay.The children needed to join their parents in working in the fields to improve family earnings at the expense of not being able to attend school.   Ã‚  Younger children incapable to work were left to fend for themselves which made them vulnerable to poor health conditions and other environmental risks.While the predicament of the Mexican migrant workers is comparable to the slavery of the blacks earlier on in the history of America, the novel depicts a young man’s struggle for self identification which ended with a reaffirmation of his bicultural predisposition as well as his patrimony and allegiance with America. The novel did not necessarily represent resentment against the Anglo culture and resistance.Thus, people should reconsider the maltreatment of immigrant workers and the discrimination of ethnic minorities in general. For instance, the novel did not directly criticize the Anglo culture but only uses it for comparative discussion of differences aimed to create a sense of pride and community among the oppressed Mexicans.In the anecdote entitled â€Å"The Night before Christmas†, the Mexican mother tells her children that, â€Å"In Mexico, it’s not Santa clause who bring the gifts, but the three wise men. And they don’t come in the sixth of January, that’s the real date†.(Rivera, p130) In this example, the novel is not directly criticizing American culture but is   surreptitiously protesting against a social imposition of the dominant culture that utterly disregards the religious beliefs of Mexicans.

Saving Electricity

Why Save Electricity? With the rising costs and shrinking economy more and more people are acting responsible and seacrhing for reasonable ways to save electricity. The other reason apart from these are that saving electricty will bring down your electicity bills, save you money and decrease pollution. Although many people have shifted to renewable sources such as solar power, there are other electricty saving tips too which will help you to conserve power. Electricity Saving At Home Replace old light bulbs with new florescent bulbs. Turn off the lights when not in use. Never leave electrical appliances on a standby. Keep doors and windows closed when heat or air conditioning is on. Check heat setting on the water heater. By lowering down the temperature you can reduce electricity. Put a layer of insulation around the water heater. Avoid using dryers in the washing machine since they consume huge amount of electricity when switched on. Turn off the water when brushing teeth and use less water for shower which will save electricity which is used to heat water. Do not use light bulbs during day hours. Use sunlight as much as possible. Electricity Saving At Office Use Ceiling fan as much as possible instead of air conditioners. Use maximum day light and use florescent bulbs. They are initially more expensive than the regular bulbs, but the benefits of the CFL bulbs will prove much more cost-effective in the long run by the amount of power they will save. Switch monitors of your PC when you are going to be away from PC for more than 10 mins. Use LCD monitors instead of CRT monitors. Get the consumption of AC's, PCs, Printers, Scanners, Refrigerator, Microwave Lift, EPBAX, lights, coffee machines etc. checked. There are some power saving equipments available which can be installed near the main point, which controls the excess supply being sent to the machine. Keep the doors & windows of the office closed when AC's are on.

Project on Agriculture

The economy of Bhutan, one of the world’s smallest and least developed countries, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for more than 60% of the population. Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for the majority of the people in Bhutan. Approximately 80% of the populations in Bhutan are involved in the agriculture sector and over 95% of the earning women in the country work in the agricultural sector. Agriculture in Bhutan is characterized by its labor intensive nature with relatively low intensity of farm inputs.Major crops cultivated in Bhutan are maize and rice where 49% of total domestic cultivation is maize and 43% for rice. Agriculture in the country includes cultivation of wheat and other minor cereal crops. Paddy is the primary crop in those regions where proper irrigation is available. Apart from paddy, other crops like wheat, barley, oil seeds, potato and different vegetables are also cultivated in these lands. Maize is mai nly cultivated in dry land regions at lower elevation. Forests are also responsible for regulating the availability of water for agricultural purpose.Goals & Objectives of Agricultural sector â€Å"To intensify and diversify adopting an integrated approach in nutrient and pest management and achieve at least 70 percent self-sufficiency on the food grains†. * Ministry of Agriculture Based on the above statement the ministry of agriculture holds the following goals & objectives: * National Food security * Conservation of natural resources * Sustainable economic production * Enhancement of rural income * Social and Regional balance Role of the Agriculture sectorAgriculture in Bhutan has a dominant role in the economy of the country and is the largest sector in the Bhutanese economy. Some of the roles of the agriculture are as follows: 1) Source of employment: Agriculture is one of the main sources of income for the Bhutanese since Bhutan is a developing country and depends mostl y on the agricultural products. Agriculture sector provides has provided employment opportunity and will continue to provide for some more years. 2) Contribution to National Income: National income is the total money earned within the country.In Bhutan, agricultural sector provides the majority contribution to the capital earned within the country. It comprises of one third Gross Domestic Product of our country. 3) International Trade In spite of its remote and land-locked location, Bhutan has been relatively successful as an agricultural exporter. The value of agricultural exports has grown at an annual rate of almost 9% since 2000. Taking advantage of the cooler climate, Bhutan exports oranges, potatoes, vegetables, and apples to India and Bangladesh which helps in promoting international trade.4) Contribution to Government revenue: The tax collected through agricultural lands is one of the main sources of income for the government which in turn is used to protect the welfare of t he people. Challenges faced by the Agriculture Sector Agriculture sector in Bhutan is facing problems undermining their growth and development. Though the Royal government is putting in great effort to develop and promote the sector it still faces some challenges as follows: * Natural calamities * Labor Shortage * Lack of marketing facilities * Social factors Agricultural FinanceFinance is the life blood of the agriculture sector and helps in enhancement of the agricultural production like in purchasing the fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, etc. In Bhutan there are financial institutions who provide agriculture loans in the form of short-term, medium-term and long-term funds. The financial institutions that provide credit to the farmers are: * Bhutan Development Bank Limited * Royal Insurance Corporation of Bhutan * Bank of Bhutan * Bhutan National Bank Industrial Sector in the Bhutanese Economy Bhutan is one of the least developed countries in the world.Before 1960s, manufacturing wa s a household work and a few items like agricultural tools, weapons, handicrafts, wood product were produced on a small scale. However, after 1961, the number of industries expanded steadily. Nevertheless, industrial development experienced relatively in slow pace in Bhutan due to weak entrepreneurial orientation, high transport, underdeveloped infrastructure, etc. The industrial growth would enhance the living standard of the people and increase the rate of economic growth of a nation. In Bhutan the basis of industrial growth are â€Å"Sustainable Development† and â€Å"Gross National Happiness†.

Precisionism, the effect of independent gallery exhibitions, the role Personal Statement

Precisionism, the effect of independent gallery exhibitions, the role of Photography in the art of the early 20th century - Personal Statement Example They were after producing images that had details (Marien 6). Independent gallery exhibitions have had a lot of effect of on photography. Independent gallery exhibition has encouraged the sprouting of young photographers with talents. It is at these exhibitions that photographers become encouraged on their work. In addition, they also get to compare notes with their fellow photographers and get some tips on how to improve (Marien 23). Independent gallery exhibitions give a photographer confidence in his or her work as he or she learns if he or she is on the right track. In addition, one could also be able to establish connections while there and be able to market some of his or her photographs. Photography has had an impact in the 20th century. In fact, many pictorialists feel that the photographs have improved their artistic merit and degree of resemblance to drawings, paintings, mezzotints (Marien 45). Photographs these days display mood and the sense of lighting using softly-focused images that have primary concern. Sometimes, photographers have been able to add some additional â€Å"handiwork† to certain images through printing techniques, for example, gum-bichromate printing, where images can be transferred onto a soft, malleable coating. Photography has proven to go in hand with technology and utilized some of its aspects to bring the imagery and innovation at new heights. All in all, photography has proven to have an enormous role in the 20th century (Marien

Modern Finance Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Modern Finance - Coursework Example The management style and organisation culture are the main factors in determining the ways of growth. The organic growth involves internal improvement of organisation. Internal improvement includes the achievement of core competency that leads to develop competitive advantage in the industry. Organic growth is a long term process where the growth rate is comparatively low. In case of inorganic growth, company aims to achieve higher success within a short period of time. Inorganic growth can be achieved by merging or acquiring other companies, strategic alliances etc (Indian Council for International Amity, n.d.). Inorganic growth is the latest trend of the business world. Increasing competitiveness raises demand for inorganic growth. Merger and acquisition (M&A) is the most desirable approach in inorganic growth strategy for a company seeking rapid growth. Mergers and acquisitions are different concepts. According to Zeng, â€Å"merger is term used for companies and similar bodies rather than assets and liabilities† and these two companies joins together and becomes â€Å"a single indistinguishable whole† (Zeng, 1999, p.19). In case of acquisition, â€Å"ownership passes from one person to another† as an acquirer company completely takeovers an acquired company. (Zeng, 1999, p.19) This paper will attempt to deal with the merger and acquisitions and its various aspect. In this process, the reasons behind the M&A and its influencing factors will be analysed. The process and issues in M&A will figured out with proper example. The impact of M&A on the business environment will be discussed pointing out its positive and negative effects. Before focusing on the motives of mergers and acquisitions, it is necessary to analyse the growth oriented corporate strategies of organisations. An organisation must decide its ways of growth. In order to achieve higher market share and profit, and to become the market leader, an organisation tries to growth in an inorganic

Joseph Plumb Martin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Joseph Plumb Martin - Essay Example Wit and humor are great assets for a writer. Martin describes about the confusing situations that prevailed in the uncertain battlegrounds. Without able officers to guide, issue orders to the soldiers as to the course of action to be followed everything was in a state of mess in the war-fronts. The soldiers were ill-equipped, untrained and faced life-and death situations often. Most of them were inexperienced and did not possess the skills and intricacies of attacking and defending in warfronts. Martin’s grouse that the authorities did not care for the ordinary soldier is genuine. They defended the people and the cause, and once the war was over they were finding it difficult to defend their poor pensions. This observation of Martin is bone chilling: â€Å"If I chance to die in a civilized country, none will deny me that. A dead body never begs a grave; thanks for that.† (p.179, 180). Martin and fellow-soldiers fought wars with utter dedication in sub-human conditions. Their patriotism was matchless. Martin felt genuine anguish the way the soldiers were treated by the authorities, once the job was done. His language is not that of a bitter critic. His simple words pierce the conscience of a discernable reader, like a sharp dagger. Revolutionary speeches were delivered by the big leaders, theoreticians on the subject of racism, and other think-tanks from the ivory towers. But the real difficulties of the war was borne by the ordinary soldiers, and the goal of freedom for the Nation was accomplished by them fighting from the deadly trenches, with genuine apprehensions about their survival to see the sun rise for another day.

Mortality and the Meaning of Life Research Paper

Mortality and the Meaning of Life - Research Paper Example No one can calculate the exact time of when it will strike. Life has become a hectic burden for the common man. It has become a constant headache of keeping up with the payment of bills. That is all there is to life for most people on earth today. Relations have become secondary, values have become obsolete. The only thing that really matters is money. Money is the new god. But we have miserably faced to realize the most valuable commodity of all; time. There is extensive literature on the management of time. But the major part of it concerns with making the most monetary benefit out of it. We are living an illusion of life. The real essence of life has been buried deep beneath this disturbing rush on earth that we are a part of. Science says that a normal human being becomes aware of death normally around the age of 7 (Landau, 2011). But it is hard to tell when he becomes truly ‘aware’ of it. You don’t expect to die when going out for work in the morning or when coming to dining table for dinner, to be honest, the thought of dying hardly crosses our minds all day long, unless of course you love to listen to the news. You, me, we have all lost ourselves in the fast flow of time. It takes just a moment to stop and analyze whether we are passing through this life or is life passing us by. No one, sadly, has that moment to stop and procrastinate in today’s fast paced world. ... The topic of this essay forced me into a deeper contemplation of death than I have ever delved upon it previously. In my research over the topic, I read accounts of people who were diagnosed with fatal diseases and how the revelation changed and constructed their views about the meaning of life and its purpose (zoom, 2009). I learned that mortality plays the central role in giving our lives meaning. Almost all the people whose accounts I read had the same common realization, i.e. live completely in your today and for your today. They felt like that because they weren’t certain of whether they would live to see the next day or not. They wanted to live to their fullest in that very moment that they possessed, not being sure of even the next moment. That made me think; am I sure of my next moment? The answer is no. Life and death are the most unpredictable of all things we know. We witness people dying in their bedrooms and we also hear of people surviving fatal fires. So no, I d on’t know if I even have any time left after I finish this essay. Should we turn pessimistic over this fact and start living in fear of the inevitable. Religions of the world will teach you to do so, to fear your day of judgment if you believe in one, or to fear the consequences of your action after death. But the concept of mortality made me realize that the only thing I have to be fearful of is my ‘now’, to be fearful of the consequences of my actions that I am undertaking right now. There is an inherent beauty to the unpredictability of death. Since you are not aware of when it might arrive, you feel like you can always amend your ways or make right any wrong you might have done. At the same time, you are aware that you have to accomplish whatever gives you the most

Managerial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Managerial Accounting - Essay Example Similarly, the planning must incorporate the limitations that the organizations have while, at the same time, focusing on the long term goals and desires of the organization; this can only be done through effective budgeting and further budget control. It is indispensable tool for measuring performance. The success of any worthwhile organization is hinged on a good budget because it gives a platform where income and expenditure estimates are done at an advance date by use of historical data. By so doing, the budget helps the organization in different ways such as control, coordination and eventual measurement of the organization. Through the same, the organization can derive motivation geared towards a better future (CHONG et al 2007). According to CARPENTER (2006) a budget is defined as a tentative quantitative manifestation of future expectations and, is usually prepared by the management of any organization. There are different types of budgets and are concerned with planning for the future. If done in the right manner, a budget can serve as a means of control within the organization since in it are all the organizations plans, goals and key performance initiatives and indicators. They are usually prepared either annually or monthly or at any other interval, depending on the need. The significance of budgets is that they allow the management of the organization to take a look at the past failures and success; and that helps in formulating the best strategies for the future. The advent of 21st century has a brought with it many complications for different organizations. As such restricting within organization is inevitable; budgeting and control have become integral part of the organizations since it is clear that they have a big role in the general performance of the organization. In that regard, many financial and lending institutions have put much focus on budgeting as a tool of establishing performance in any organization. Similarly,

Rice with chicken Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rice with chicken - Essay Example The following ingredients are required: one cup of rice, chicken pieces, one onion, one tomato, a teaspoonful of garlic and ginger paste, chopped parsley, salt, coriander, rosemary, squeezed lemon juice, paprika and black pepper. First, ensure that the chicken pieces are diced to appropriate sizes and chunks. This will ensure that the process of cooking accords them the chance to cook evenly. Secondly, ensure that the pan contains some oil that will be allowed to heat. The chopped onions, crushed garlic and ginger paste should be added to the oil and fried until golden brown. The chopped tomato and parsley all chopped should be added to the pan next. This will be allowed to blend into the onions, garlic and ginger paste that are already cooking. The chicken pieces should be dropped into the paste and stirred to ensure that the paste mixes into them (Renfrew 33). Next, the black pepper and paprika are added, followed by some water and salt. The pan should be covered to ensure that the chicken adequately cooks. It is imperative to allocate the chicken meal twenty minutes to cook. Meanwhile, heat two cups of water in a pan. Allow the water to heat as the rice drains after washing. Add a tea spoon of salt and crushed rosemary into the water. Set the washed rice into the mixture, stir and then allow cooking for seven to ten minutes. After the rice is set, ensure that the chicken is adequately mixed with the rice, and then squeeze the lemon juice into the mixture. The meal is ready for serving (Renfrew 48). In conclusion, serve the rice and chicken in desirable amounts. Ensure that the meal is served while still hot so as to bring out its true taste. This meal can be served with drinks such as soda and fruit juices. The meal can also be accompanied by vegetable or fruit

Forensic investigator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Forensic investigator - Essay Example The report is composed in response to a request from the investigation unit. 1. James Murray allegedly worked as a team head of numerous drug dealers on small scale level. The culprit had sensitively plotted and worked on the whole scheme of drug dealing. The co-conspirators were corresponded through a laptop hence leading to no physical proofs to the forensic unit. The culprit was first reported by one of his classmates, Walter Thom, declaring that he had heard the culprit conversing about the deal over the cell phone, offering the bureau an opportunity to generate his phone records for the proceedings of this case. 2. After the statement from Thom (witness), Murray (culprit) was put under surveillance. His internet connection and phone records were under continuous observation of the investigation bureau. Surprisingly, for over more than two weeks time, there was no obvious evidence of the culprit being engrossed in any of the drug dealing crime. Neither his phone records showed any suspicious calls or text messages. On further evaluation, it was noticed that during 10 PM until the midnight, for two weeks, no data was received from the culprit although the connection was sustained. The testing concluded that the culprit exploited a high technology hacking system which would facilitate his data to be transmitted to his co-conspirators through a profoundly secured portico. The hacking experts took two days to access his system. And the flow of receiving the data alleviated. After that, there was no reply to this e-mail. The other culprit might have discussed it in person or through some other mean. The e-mail was a significant source of the other two names engaged in this crime. Investigations on Job Rhett, aged 24, with rather a considerable criminal record and Robin White, aged 19, a college student debarred due to disgraceful leisure pursuits and conduct. The email also gave a hint that the culprits used a code word for the drugs: spoon. The ‘car’ was

Interpersonal and Effective Communication Essay Example for Free

Interpersonal and Effective Communication Essay P.1 – Produce a guidance document explaining the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context for a new member of staff (using a hospital or care home setting) to include: Communication: text messaging, written, oral, signing, technology. Interpersonal interaction: language, non-verbal (choose 2 issues under each heading from unit specification page 3). Effective communication The role of effective communication is important in any work setting especially in any health care setting. Effective communication is when someone is getting a message across or explaining a topic fully with using the least information possible it is when information is transmitted accurately and simply such as in a hospital or care home information that any staff needs to know will be given to them in the easiest and simplest form possible. Communication although is not effective if the person you are giving the information to is not listening. Effective communication can be between colleagues or professionals and people using the services. There are many different forms of communication these include; †¢text messaging †¢written †¢Oral/verbal †¢ signing †¢ symbols †¢ touch †¢ music and drama †¢ arts and crafts †¢ Technology Text messaging This is done on an everyday basis this is done on devices such as mobile phones and computers. The messages are sent through a large ariel in space. Such as in a care home or nursery school the staff would sometimes keep in contact through text messages this is good for when they are out of work and can’t speak to each other. Written There are many different forms of written communication. Most of our communication is in written form. We have newspapers that tell us what’s happening round the world daily, also we have books about everything under the sun and we have magazines and leaflets that give information on health topics such as pregnancy, diabetes, care etc. Within in any health care setting this is important and comes into play in recording medical treatments or medicines, instructions on treatment and medication and also agreements between two people. Signing This is a way of communicating for those who are deaf they use their hands to speak. There is an official British sign language. This would come into health care frequently and in hospitals and care homes there should always be someone that knows this in case of a patient who is deaf. There are different contexts of communication these include; One to one this is one individual communicating to another individual such as in a conversation or email or instant messaging. This can occur on an everyday basis in any health care setting such as one nurse speaking to another nurse about a patient. Group This is when more than two people are communicating with each other this can range from 3 to any number such as a class lecture consisting of about 60 people. Group communication is effective as it sends the same information to the entire group at the same time. This can happen in a health care setting such as a care home when they have staff meetings. Formal This is when people use rules of language in either written or verbal communication such as in a letter from your doctor or either when you have an interview for a job. Formal communication comes into every health and social care setting such as when you’re in hospital and the doctor comes around to see you he would use formal language. Informal This is a more laid back type of communication such as if you were talking to your family or friends you don’t have to use rule of language and this can be present in some health and social care settings such as a social worker or key worker that you have known for perhaps a long time you would then be more comfortable with them and your language would be more laidback rather than formal. There are a few factors and skill that help in effective communication these include; †¢eye contact and visible mouth †¢body language †¢asking some questions †¢checking for understanding †¢silence †¢encouragement to continue †¢smiling face †¢summarising what has been said Interpersonal interaction Interpersonal interaction is the way in which we communicate and interact with each other. To have efficient communication skill in a health and social care setting is vital in helping building relationships with clients, to provide and receive information, understand and meet the needs of clients and to report on work done with clients. There are two type of interpersonal interaction these are language and non-verbal. Language Language consists of every day communication we use this on a day to day basis. There are many different types of language such as Spanish French German etc. and everybody has a first language even if they know a few our first language would be English. In a hospital there can be many people that come in on a day to day basis that don’t speak English but this can prove a barrier to communicating with that person. In most hospitals and care settings there would be a few nurses and doctors that would speak more than one language and if not an interpreter may have to be brought in. Dialect also comes under language this is the way certain people from certain places or cities speak such as wales would have a welsh dialect and England has an English dialect. This can happen in any care setting such as a care home when residents could be from different places and speak different ways the carers may not understand them as much but after a period of time they may get to know their dialect. Jargon would also come under language this is basically just a manner of talking that is very difficult to understand or even sometimes senseless. And slang would be another form of language this is very similar to dialect and is based on word people say that are not in the dictionary but a lot may know the meaning certain towns and places would have their own slang such as Derry city is well known for its slang. In a hospital if someone came in that was injured and they only talk in slang it can be very hard for the person treating them to understand although he person doing it may not even realise. We use speech everyday although some people cannot do this there are alternative ways for them to communicate with others such as picture cards for the deaf these would be cards that contain pictures on them of everyday things so that someone who cannot speak tell someone what they want or need or for someone who cannot hear so that the person communicating with them can tell them what they’re saying this would come into health care settings such as therapy like speech therapy there would be picture cards for children who cannot talk to communicate also there is electronic devices such as Light writers are small, robust, portable voice output communication aids (VOCA) specially designed to meet the particular and changing needs of people with speech loss resulting from a wide range of acquired, progressive and congenital conditions. Non-verbal Non-verbal is the way in which we interact and communicate with each other without speaking this can be in many different ways and we can do this without even knowing. These include posture that can portray to someone if you are interested of not if someone is talking to you and you’re sitting slouched and sloppy they may believe you’re not interested in what you’re saying. Facial expression can tell a person a lot such as if someone tells you something that is very surprising you would open your mouth and maybe gasp this shows the person that you are shocked without having to speak there are a number of different facial expressions for many different feelings such as happy sad angry scared etc. Reflective listening is another form such as if someone was telling you something and you are listening intensively then they know that you have got the message and that you are interested without having to ask you. Proximities is different things people need when communicating with someone such as your own personal space The amount of distance we need and the amount of space we perceive as belonging to us is influenced by a number of factors including social norms, situational factors, personality characteristics and level of familiarity. For example, the amount of personal space needed when having a casual conversation with another person usually varies between 18 inches to four feet. All these non-verbal methods communication are used in any health and social care settings on an everyday basis such as I a hospital when a consultant has to talk to someone they would use their non-verbal communication along with verbal by having good posture when talking to the person having a low voice if giving the person bad news and would also use facial expressions when the patient is talking to them to maybe let them know they understand what they’re saying.

Information security authentication program for Moonshine Mining Essay Example for Free

Information security authentication program for Moonshine Mining Essay Moonshine mining deals with the mining business related to diamond, sapphire, gold etc. Moonshine mining maintains all its intellectual properties and other important documents in 3 internal servers in Perth head office. This information is very confidential to the moon shining. This information should be available only to the internal moon shining employees and other authorized personnel’s. Moonshine has identified the potential risk for the information assets through the risk assessment procedure. To overcome these risks, proper authentication and other security procedures must be implemented in the organization. Each and every method has its own disadvantages and advantages, the proper investigation and study must be performed to choose the best fit method for the organization. Introduction Computer security must be an integral part of the organization. Computer Security is the protection afforded to an automated information system in order to attain the applicable objectives of preserving the integrity, availability and confidentiality of information system resources. Through the selection and application of appropriate safeguards, security helps the organizations mission by protecting its physical and financial resources, reputation, legal position, employees, and other tangible and intangible assets (NIST 2006). Many organizations are spending millions of dollars in computer security. Computer security policies and goals should be inline with the organization mission and policies. Computer security should be very cost effective. Specialized teams must be formed in the organization for monitoring and controlling the computer security policies and procedures. Basic Security policies should be followed in Moonshine Company Computer security policies must be accessible by everyone in the organization. Each and every single personnel in the organization is responsible for implementing and maintaining the computer security. User support must be provided for solving various problems related to computer security. Help desks are needed to be created for this type of support. Additional support can be any helpline and online chat. Software support should be available in the organization. Various restrictions are needed to be imposed on the usage of several kind of software in the organization. Licensed and authenticated software are recommended for trouble free working environment. Backup plan should be implemented and followed carefully for restoration if disaster or unrecoverable errors caused. Media should be properly maintained and periodic assessments are to be needed. Login information should be kept secret and several log records are to be assed for detecting unauthorized user access. Basic security features like firewall, antivirus software are to be made ready in the system. Integrity checks and other checks are to be performed frequently. Documentation and maintenance are the important activities needed to be done regarding computer security. Authentication Authentication is very important for maintaining the computer security. Each and every personnel must be authenticated for accessing the information resources. There are many types of authentication methods. It can be broadly classified into two categories, Biometric authentication and Non Biometric authentication. The authentication must be implemented with the proper security algorithm to avoid intrusions. Many authentication schemes are developed over the years. Several hashing and other schemes are combined to make the better authentication protocol. Privacy through Biometric Authentication It is based on identifying the person based on their personal and behavioral traits. There are several biometric authentication methods like finger print recognition, face recognition, iris recognition. Some the distinct advantages of biometric method are users need not required to remember password/codes, permanent characteristics and ease of use. Finger print authentication: Finger print authentication is the basic biometric authentication method. The patterns available on ridges and valleys of person’s finger are unique for every individual (Harris D. 2000). Several algorithms are available in the market to uniquely identify the persons based on the patterns. The finger print authentication can be implemented in moon mining company with a very small amount of investment. The cost of installing devices and other software required for finger print authentication would be very minimal when compared to other biometric authentication methods. When compared to non biometric methods the database size would be litter larger for biometrics methods. Since the numbers of users in the moon mining company is very less the biometrics method can be easily implemented without any trouble. Finger print authentication method is not very much suitable for moon shine mining company because in the mining company the person works with lot of dusts and smoke. Some readers might not recognize the dirty and dusted hands. Since it is a mining company persons may have some cuts in their hand so the readers may not work properly in those situations. Most of the time users might wear gloves in their hand, they might feel uneasy to remove for each and every time for the authentication. Face recognition Face recognition is another basic biometric authentication method. In this method, the persons face is captured using camera or infrared waves and it is authenticated with the existing database. The spatial geometry in the face is analyzed to uniquely identify the face. The face can be easily recognizes with change of facial expressions or change of hair style etc. The advantages of face recognition it is the contact free process. The database should be maintained with facial information of the users. The change in the face is very minimal. The moon mining company can prefer this method of authentication. The cost of implementation is also not so high. Some of the disadvantages include detecting the face mask and low light environment (Vijayan 2009). Since it is a mining company it would operate in low light areas, so proper methods must be chosen to avoid low light environment problems. People from some ethnic groups and nationalities won’t expose the face to outer world. In those situations the face recognition it is not possible to implement. Iris Recognition Iris recognition is one of the latest methods of biometric authentication. The colored area that surrounds pupil is used for the identification of the persons (Daouk 2006). Every people have unique color pattern. It is also a non contact method of authentication. The cost of implementation is little high when compared to other methods. It is very fast and robust. The latest iris technologies are very powerful in recognizing the patterns even though they are covered with the contact lenses and glasses. Iris based authentication is recommended if the moon mining company wants high end solution for the biometric authentication and ready for little high investment. Digital Signatures A digital signature is an automated method of verifying our usual handwritten signatures. The various features like speed, pressure, nodes etc are verified for authentication. This method is based on behavioral aspect of the person. It is simple method for authentication. It has many disadvantages like it can be imitated by others easily; signature is tending to change slowly by time. It’s not so safe to go with this type of authentication method. Privacy through Non Biometric Authentication The non biometric method for authentication is very common in the organization. It is simple and easy to implement. No extra infrastructure is required to implement these authentication methods. It is very cost effective method. RFID Authentication method The privacy can be provided by ensuring the proper authentication mechanism in practice. Several authentication protocols are used in existence systems. The authentication will be performed in the readers and authentication parameters and value are stored in the RFID tags. The RFID readers would be available in each and every computers of the moon shining company. One of the common practices is store common password in all the RFID tags to be used. Whenever the tag is read if the password matches the other processing is done else the tag would be neglected. Another method for authentication is to assign store all the RFID tags unique number in database, when the tag is detected the number is cross checked with the database for authentication. Despite the numerous benefits of RFID systems, it has few pitfalls and some common problems. The main security threat in the RFID system is the privacy security breaches. All the information is stored in the RFID tags. The RFID tags can also be read by others who have the RFID readers. The data can be read and modified in the tags by any one using the RFID readers (Moscatiell 2007). The RFID systems may be collapsed if several RFID tags are processed together. The RFID tags can communicate only to one RFID reader at instance. If two RFID readers are accessing a single tag, there may be a junk or collapse in the system. Other Radio signal interference can violate some of the properties of the RFID systems. Some other security threats also exist for the RFID systems. Device Based Authentication: In this device based authentication, some special secure devices are used to generate the passcodes. These passcodes are verified for authorizing the persons. One of the famous devices is RSA based secureId device. It uses public key encryption for generating the passcode. Each and every user will have a small hand held device to generate the passcodes. These passcode are verified using the security algorithms for authentication. This method of authentication is also suggested for moon mining company. Conclusion All the organization should follow the tight computer security principles and policies. The basic security features must be installed in each and every computer system in the organization. All the users must be educated about the computer security principles and various threat regarding. The company can also go for the third parties for implementation and maintenance of computer security in the organization. This would help the organization to have the better security. Dedicated teams must be available for performing and monitoring all the computer security activities. The organization will be in trouble if the computer security practices are not followed in the organization.

Build To Order Supply Chain Management Commerce Essay

Build To Order Supply Chain Management Commerce Essay Build-to-order Supply Chain (BOSC) is viewed by many researchers as an effective way to achieve high customer value because BOSC can fulfil an individual or a group of customers orders while maintaining low cost, cutting inventory cost, eliminating waste, and achieving short response time through flexible manufacturing and integrated logistics. BOSC is needed to support mass customization, which is the ability to make high variety and low cost products and deliver them quickly to meet the diverging needs of customers. Mass customization can be achieved by implementing modularity-based manufacturing practices, postponing production steps that determine product features and performances, and applying IT to coordinate actions and speed up final production and delivery. BOSC also emphasizes the importance of partnership with suppliers and customers, web-based technologies, and rapid transport and delivery. This research aims at the study of factors that affect built-to-order supply chain and the issues related to BOSC and what stops an organization to implement BOSC in their organization. Introduction Background Developing trends in international arena has forced many global firms to revisit their operations strategy. Their operations are moving from centralize to decentralize in order to gain markets. In order to accomplish this, companies have gone through number of changes in terms of strategies, tactics, and operation with the goal of matching the market needs. There are multiple competitive performance objectives on which companies compete today like quality, price, responsiveness, flexibility, and dependability. To achieve these objectives an efficient supply chain required in which mass production is converted into mass customization. Mass customization has become a major objective of many Fortune 500 companies (Gunasekaran Ngai, 2005).The idea of mass customization is seen as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ability to use of flexible processes and organizational structures to produce varied and often individually customized products and services at the price of standardized, mass-produced alterna tivesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬- (Hart, 1996, p. 13). To-wards this end, firms have developed a build-to-order supply chain (BTOSC) to be flexible and responsive (Gunasekaran Ngai, 2005). Due to the increasing competition in todays market every company wants to have a competitive advantage over their competitors so that they can survive in the market and make profits. BOSC is a way of providing the customer the option of mass customization and maintain low inventory which helps the company provide a variety of products to its customers without incurring huge inventory holding cost. Build-to-order supply chain (BTOSC) means a demand-driven manufacturing approach, in which the products are planned and built against to a confirmed order received from a final customer or consumer. In this supply chain, it excludes the all intermediaries, like dealers, sales companies etc., between final customer and the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) (Parry Graves, 2008). The order placement system is very sophisticated, as it takes information from forecasting system and the received orders, and then directs the suppliers according to the product ordered. All parts are not scheduled as BTOSC, but the expensive parts would schedule using BTOSC. Research Question How do factors like organizational competitiveness, Information technology, Operations and Development and Implementation affect build-to-order supply chain in an organization? Literature Review Supply Chain Design There are four types of supply chain design:- Built-to-stock The BTS supply chain gives fastest response time to the customer. The product is manufactured before receiving any kind of order. Customers order is satisfied from the retail outlet or from the stocking point of that product (Blanco, 2002). The BTS supply chain is used for low-value products, which customers consume on daily basis, like Diet Cola, Ariel Detergent, etc. And customer values immediate response for such products, so such type of products is manufactured and supplied using BTS model. We agree that the price of such goods is low, but choice of selectivity is also low. There is no room for configuration in these products (Blanco, 2002). The customer has to buy what is on the shelf. The BTS model lacks flexibility in offering choices to consumer. Some of the critical components, like aircraft components are supplied using BTS supply chain (Reeve Srinivasan, 2005). Configure-to-order The product is assembled when order is received with standard modules and components, like desktop and laptop computers. The CTO supply chain initiates on the arrival of order, than assembly of product starts from components which have already been replenished in-to the inventory (Papadakis, 2003). In this model, the customer enjoys greater final-item choices. The automobile industry is another good example. The automobile manufacturers are implementing the initial stages of CTO model with the close cooperation with their distributors and dealers. The intention is to offer customers a combination of options than normally available at the dealers showroom (Miller Wacker, 2000). But still, the customer has to wait for the vehicle until it is assembled according to the specifications. The main issue with the CTO model is how promptly customers needs are satisfied, especially how much lead time they are able to reduce from assembly to the final delivery. The North American automobile in dustry is now targeting delivery of a custom-assembled car within a week of the order being placed, compared to the multi-week window in which it operates today (Willcox, 1998; Reeve Srinivasan, 2005). Build-to-order In the BTO supply chain, the fabrication and production process start on the customer or-der. The end-item produced under BTO model in highly customized and is quite costly to manufacture. The requirements for the BTO are sketched in usual material requirement planning (MRP) structure (Fredriksson Gadde, 2005). In this model, there has to be integrative relationship between supplier and manufacturer. Once all the requirements, of the received order, are in place, the production starts to meet the specific quantities and lead times. Because BTO follows a scheduled production period so MRP activities has to be very coherent. The whole BTO supply chain has to be very closely knitted, because any disruption in material flow could delays in the delivery. That is the reason the MRP chain has to be open to changes in purchase due dates, dispatch list and customer promises. This leads to variation in the capacity of overall supply chain (Reeve Srinivasan 2005). Engineering-to-order In ETO, the supply chain starts from the design phase. This model offers us a truly customized product that requires unique drawings and parts. These products are manufactured for very specific purposes, and are very expensive to develop (Gosling Naim, 2009). The product is custom in nature which takes long lead times to develop. For this reason, the MRP system comes in play to take care of components requirements in ETO. The ETO mostly recognizes as single-lot job shop environment where prototypical processes take place. The upstream planning is often complex and varied to downstream distribution system. The transportation of finish product is often done in single units (Reeve Srinivasan, 2005). The examples for ETO products are NASA space station, high-end customized saloon, sports car, etc. Build-to-order Supply Chain BTOSC is a fusion of leanness, agility and Just-in-Time (JIT). First, we will make connection between lean, agile and JIT approaches. Lean manufacturing was first introduced by Toyota, in their Toyota Production System (TPS), and JIT was part of TPS program, and even the TPS and JIT were used interchangeably back in 1980s (Hallgren Olhager, 2009). According to Narasimhan et al. (2006), we can say production is lean if it is achieved with least amount of waste, minimal inventory and efficient operations. Lean manufacturing is all about performing operations efficiently, with the help of JIT. Because JIT helps in eliminating inventory, and delivers components and parts when they needed in assembly process (Hallgren Olhager, 2009). While agile manufacturing is about efficiently changing in response to state of uncertainty and fluctuating demands (Narasimhan et al., 2006). Sharifi Zhang (2001) stress that agility not only as responding to the change environment in quick time but also exploiting those changes and taking them as opportunity to build ad-vantage in the market. Agile manufacturing also allows introducing new products into the system, with very short lead time (Sharifi Zhang, 2001). This encapsulates these three concepts for BTOSC, and shows that BTOSC is blend of lean, JIT and agile manufacturing approaches (Hallgren Olhager, 2009). In BTOSC, the customer triggers the supply chain by placing order. This manufacturing strategy is demand-driven, where the product is planned, built and pulled through the chain. The final customer by-passes the all intermediaries, like dealers, and directly place the order to the OEM. But OEM also has to build a platform where customers can contact and confirms his/her order. It also gives flexibility to the customers to change it specifications of the confirmed order (Parry Graves, 2008). But before that the OEM has to be responsive and flexible in its operations, to fully respond to the customers demands. Here in BTOSC, its not only OEM who has to be flexible and responsive in their operations but suppliers should be totally complying with the standards of the OEM, so that they respond efficiently to customer orders. Some suppliers work closely with the OEM, where other produce parts following build-to-stock (BTS) production approach. The suppliers follow BTS produce parts like t yres, windscreen wipers and non-expensive items. Where the sup-pliers who work in close proximity with OEM provide expensive modules like engines, transmission, exhaust system, interior items etc., because such items have different variants, from where customer can choose. And that is why these suppliers follow BTOSC production approach (Parry Graves, 2008; Gunasekaran Ngai, 2005). The global arena is changing due to severe competition between companies which is forcing them to revisit their operational strategies to secure market share and improve their profit margins (Gunasekaran Ngai, 2005). Particularly, BTOSC market, which is driven by mass customization and e-commerce, are putting pressure on manufacturers and retailers to shrink planning cycles, compress manufacturing lead times, and speedy distribution system (Tyan et al., 2003). Advantages Provides a level of responsiveness, cost effectiveness, and flexibility that enables companies to deliver the products that customers have chosen at the time they requested it. BOSC results in substantial cost advantages by eliminating the inventory, forecasting, expediting, and setup required to customize products or services. BOSC helps companies utilize people, machinery, and floor space more efficiently BOSC allows a manufacturer to react on time with the market and even shape the behaviour of the market. BOSC can be utilized to manufacture a low volume of products of a pre-determined high variety using a cluster of components. Disadvantages Order-processing is time consuming and costly Multiple revisions of specifications are required Delivery dates are often not met Last-minute changes take up an increasing portion of resources Production plans are often inaccurate and over-ruled Global operations create issues such as exchange rate, political stability etc. Difference between Traditional Supply Chain Management (TSCM) BOTSC Traditional Supply Chain Built to order Supply chain Marketing Push-Sell from stock Pull-build to customer order Production Fixed order line-up Customer demand focussed Logistics Mass Approach Fast, reliable, Customized Consumer Relationship Dealer Owned Shared across the extended enterprise Managing Uncertainty Finished goods inventory buffers Strategic part buffers and information management Finished Goods Inventory High Stock Control Low, condensed dealer stock levels Suppliers Long Lead Time Collaborative/ Responsive BOSC and Organizational Competitiveness While developing BOSC, it is very important to study the factors that force the company to implement BOSC supply chain. For example, Dell uses Internet as a medium for placing order and hence successful implementation of mass customization delivery products to its customers. Therefore, factors external to an organization such as economic scenario, inflation, currency fluctuation, industries policies and so forth influence the strategies of a business organization and these factors should be taken into account when developing strategies for BOSC. Economic factors Many a times, companies fail to achieve their goals because of poor strategic planning, So, it is very important for a company to be a visionary and keeping in mind the changing global environment plan its strategy or align its strategies according to the market situation and develop long term strategies. For instance, interest and currency exchanges have an impact on the economy and that in turn affects the buying capability of an individual, there is a speculation in the market and the people tend to spend less money as a result the demand decreases. People tend to buy good or commodities that very important for their living. At present we can see, the market is fluctuating, in the past few months rupee had a downfall and the companies that import products had to pay more to their foreign counterparts. When people have less money to buy goods and go for standardized products then the company can alter their supply chain accordingly. Considering the agile characteristics of the economy, a more agile organization such as BOSC would be more suitable in helping a company compete not only in terms of service quality, but also in terms of the timely fulfillment of orders. It is seen that in order to be successful the company needs to fulfill the customer requirements and provide them something better than their competitor at a reasonable price. As we all know China is a manufacturing giant which provides products at the cheapest price but the quality is also very poor. So a section of Indian society buys China products because they cant afford other company products or they buy products that are use and throw. The economic depression, stock market crash, dot.com bubble all these major global events affected the business in a big way and forced the companies to revisit their strategies and align them according to the market requirement, BOSC was an outcome of such an organizational change to meet the changing market dynamics. This indicates that when developing a companys strategies, external factors should be given very close attention, including the issue of developing BOSC. Without the support of the environment, pursuing BOSC could prove to threaten the very survival of a company. Market Forces Market forces include the nature of the market, market growth, globalization, customer demand, regulation, product/market innovation, technology and its spread, business risk, and the economy. Porters 5 forces model barriers to entry, the threat of substitution, the bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers, and rivalry among firms helps evaluate an industry whether it is profitable to enter that particular industry or not. When taking decisions regarding BOSC above factors should be taken into consideration also, the characteristics of BOSC are defined by the product portfolio, number of suppliers, information technology and automation. The generic marketing strategy options of low cost, differentiation, and focus remain the dominant strategy decision models. According to the market demand and changing market and technology requirements on the customer it is very important to strike a balance between the product variety and the production costs. Now days, the manufacturing firms are focussing a lot more to optimize their manufacturing process like six sigma, Kan Ban, Lean manufacturing, Total Quality Control, hence BOSC is one of them which helps them provide a variety of products, less inventory cost, good quality and minimum lead time. Market forces influence the infrastructure of BOSC in terms of strategic alliances, partnerships, customer relationship management, information technology and systems, performance measures and metrics. Competitive Factors Competitive forces include customers, suppliers, rivals, new entrants, and substitutes. Dell Computers was one of the first companies to implement BOSC in its system. Michael Dell started with the motive of mass customization only. His objective was to provide computers according to their requirement and latter on that model became such a success that it was adopted by giants like HP, Compaq and Gateway. BOSC gave the competitive advantage that to bring in the latest technology first because it dint have any inventory. As soon as a new technology was launched it was incorporated by Dell which gave them a competitive advantage. Global competition, advancements in technology, industry deregulation, and rising customer expectations are only a few factors that are placing unprecedented demands on business enterprises (Papazoglou et al., 2000). More research is required on the implications of factors external to the organization on the performance of BOSC in terms of costs, benefits, and customer service. The following are the major factors of competitive success: innovation, new products, cost, quality, speed, and the ability to attract customers (Kraemer and Dedrick, 2002). These factors are to be embedded in BOSC in various forms with the ultimate objective of meeting the requirements of individual customers on time and in a cost-effective manner. Developing and Implementing BOSC Developing and implementing BOSC includes designing products and coming up with a procurement process, developing partnerships and a virtual supply chain, and managing logistics. This is an important area in which numerous medium to long-term decisions are made, and their impact on the performance of BOSC is significant. Design and Procurement In BOSC, the production system needs to be flexible and responsive enough to meet the requirements of an individual. Reducing the time in product design, efficient procuring of raw material are important issues to be dealt with to meet the requirements of customers and be responsive. Efficient procuring of raw material is only possible when the organization has a good supplier relationship and their support helps to operated nearly on no work in progress inventory. Strategies like BOSC can be well implemented if both the supplier and the organization have a good IT infrastructure or our linked through ERP like SAP or e-procurement software. It makes the conversation between the company and its peers very simple and efficient and procurement becomes a simple exercise. When an organization deals in products of high variety like in any automobile industry, demand forecasting and inventory management and meet customer requirements becomes a very difficult task, in these industries BOSC management should be the best alternative to survive in the market and make profits. Development of partnerships and supplies It is important to develop partnerships on an OEMs core competency in order to develop BOSC. For example, in automobile industry, organization has suppliers for different parts required to manufacture a car. So the organization outsources the delivery of the parts to the suppliers which are the best in that business. So, the company doesnt have to compromise on quality. Logistics Logistics involves transportation, consolidation and warehousing. Now days, the companies extensively utilize third party logistics (3PL) and fourth party logistics (4PL) which include companies like FedEx, Blue Dart ,UPS, DHL etc. 3PL is the management of logistic services beyond transportation. This might include storage, shipment and value-added services as well as the use of subcontractors. 4PL is the integration of all companies involved along the supply chain. 4PL is the planning, steering, and controlling of all logistic procedures (including flows of information, material, and capital) by one service provider with long-term strategic objectives. UPS World Wide Logistics employed a 4PL business model. Implementation Implementation involves putting the plan for BOSC into action. BOSC needs to be constructed based on the design and procurement of products and plans to establish partnerships, a virtual supply chain, and logistics. This requires the setting up of an implementation team, a time scale for the project, and evaluating the performance of the process of implementing BOSC. BOSC and Operations Planning/Forecasting In recent years, companies have started recognizing the trade-off between the variety of products and supply chain performance, more the variety of products the more it is difficult to forecast the demand trend in the market and on that basis carry out the production plan of the organization. Organizations have started doing modern forecasting techniques to meet the demand of the customers and have a production plan to meet that demand. When the forecasting or the demand pattern is received from the sales and marketing department to the manufacturing department, the planning is done on that basis. A Master Planning Schedule is prepared follows that is the Bill of material which lists downs the raw material required for the production. The other factor that may alter the forecasting is the bullwhip effect. If there is one manufacturer and one supplier then the bullwhip effect can be ruled out but that is practically not possible. BOSC planning and execution involve managing partnering firms that are dispersed all over the globe. It is to be noted that the objective of partnering firms in BOSC should be incorporated in the planning. Although BOSC is based on customer orders, partnering firms or suppliers need to know the forecast of the demand for parts and components. A decision support system would enable strategic, tactical, and operational decision making in supply chains that will be helpful in BOSC. This can include a modelling infrastructure comprised of a library of carefully designed generic objects for modelling elements of BOSC and dynamic interactions among these elements (Biswas and Narahari, 2004). Although BOSC is a MTO system, there is a need for the aggregate forecasting of demand for the final products for 1-2 years. This information could be transmitted to suppliers to allow them to make available the required components and services at the right volume and at the right time. BOSC and Information Technology Internet, ERP and E-commerce Information technologies such as EDI, the Internet, the WWW, ERP, and RFID facilitate the integration of customers and suppliers or partnering firms along supply networks. Since suppliers or partnering firms are geographically dispersed, an effective communication system that is a real-time system is necessary. BOSC requires a system that can keep track of all orders and is well connected with supplier firms. Since most orders will be received online, high-speed Internet connectivity is required to allow customers to check products and place orders with complete confidence. Information managers are responsible for identifying a suitable ERP system, including developing an ecommerce enabled customer-order system to facilitate the exchange of customer requirements in real-time and also to communicate with suppliers on components and other support services such as logistics. Information system managers should work with other company managers to select a suitable ERP system and/or e-comm erce system based on their companys business model, which includes the integration of the OEMs system with those of partnering firms along the BOSC. The integration of the link between customers and suppliers is essential for BOSC. These can be achieved by suitably aligning the information system with the business model of BOSC. Research Methodology Sources of Primary Data Analysis of Primary Data Findings Conclusion

Shakespeare in Canada Essay example -- William Shakespeare

Shakespeare in My Canada If you ask my dad about Shakespeare, he will quote you a soliloquy from Macbeth. If you ask my dad about Kathakali, he will instantly quote you a poetic epic from the Mahabharata. If you ask my dad about how Shakespeare and Kathakali fit together, in truth, he is not quite sure. I was not sure of the reasons myself, when I first started thinking about what Shakespeare in my Canada meant to me, why I immediately thought of Kathakali. Kathakali is an indigenous art form of Kerala, the southernmost state of India, and my father's home. It is an extremely expressive form of dance-drama, originally performed to tell the stories of the major Indian epics, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. In recent years, there have been attempts in both India and Canada to adapt Shakespearean works to the Kathakali form, with varying degrees of success. Through exploration of two such attempts, as well as brief examination of critical responses to them, I would argue that Kathakali is in fact a viable form through which Shakespearean works can be adapted in a Canadian and/or post-colonial context. As we all know, Shakespeare himself based many of his plays on already existing plays and stories. It is fitting then that "Shakespeare's works have, from their inception, been both the product and the source of an ongoing explosion of re-creation" (Fischlin, 1). As a country once colonized by the British, Canada is especially familiar with Shakespeare's near-universal power to lend a sense of cultural authenticity to any setting, be it school-house stage, or tavern theatre. Today, despite being more than a century past 2 its colonial days, Canada is still struggling to define itself as a nation. Although we ma... ...one with great potential to open new artistic doors in both Canada and India in the future. 6 Works Cited Fischlin, Daniel and Mark Fortier. "General Introduction." Adaptations of Shakespeare. Eds. Daniel Fischlin and Mark Fortier. London: Routledge, 2000. Khandwani, Sudha. "A Century of Indian Dance." Kala Nidhi Fine Arts of Canada. Available: . 2005. Raina, Arjun. Arjun Raina. Available: . 2004. 7 Appendix Image 1 Annette Leday performing "Stuff of Dreams" at Kala Nidhi Toronto, 2004 Available from ________________________________________________________________________ Image 2 Arjun Raina performing his KhelKali adaptation of Othello at Leela a Elahi Delhi, 1997 Available from

Tourism :: essays research papers

In the more economically developed countries (MEDCs), synonymous mainly with the industrialised countries of the northern hemisphere there, has been an explosion in the growth of leisure and tourism industry, which is now believed to be the worlds second largest industry in terms of money generated. In order to differentiate between leisure and tourism it should be recognised that leisure often involves activities enjoyed during an individual’s free time, whereas tourism commonly refers to organised touring undertaken on a commercial basis. Development in the two areas could be attributed to changing patterns in working lives within the last four decades. Generally, people now have more disposable wealth, work shorter hours, receive longer, paid annual leave, retire earlier and have greater personal mobility. In addition, according to Marshall & Wood (1995), the growth of the tourist industry per se can be associated, in part, with the concentration of capital; the emergence o f diversified leisure based companies, sometimes within wider corporate conglomerates and often associated with particular airlines. Furthermore, the development of tourism can generate employment both directly, in jobs created in the hotels, restaurants etc, and indirectly, through expenditure on goods and services in the local area. Nevertheless, although the tourist industry is competitive, which essentially keeps down the cost of foreign travel, the success of tourism in any one area can be ‘influenced by weather, changing consumer tastes, demographics, economic cycles, government policy, not to mention international terrorism and other forms of conflict.’(1) Although such factors may have a detrimental affect on the economy of a popular tourist destination (or even tourism in general, in light of September 11th 2001), the consequence of tourism in general is often three fold: environmental, social and cultural, which in turn has prompted a search for new ‘fri endly’ approaches that are less destructive. It is a well-noted fact that tourists from the developed world, or rich western nations, are in favour of visiting unspoilt natural environments and places steeped in tradition. However, Lea (1988) regards such attractions as being a sign of underdevelopment and rarely tolerated by the host nations just because they meet with foreign approval of visitors. Instead, it is the priority of the respective governments to raise living standards to acceptable levels, which means modernisation and the implementation of various infrastructures. Nevertheless, if administered effectively mass tourism could provide a form of sustainable development by meeting the needs of the present without compromising those of the future.

Raw Foods Diet :: essays research papers

What’s up with the Raw Deal? The Atkins diet? South-Beach Diet? Jenny Craig? Weight Watchers? But a Raw-food only diet? What the†¦?! Consuming only raw foods? Not cooking anything? Isn’t that unhealthy? Not according to advocates of this diet. The raw foods diet is among some of the latest fad and celebrity-hyped diets out there today, you can even find some restaurants that only serve raw foods. The name of the raw food diet says it all: You only consume raw, unprocessed foods. Diet devotees claim the diet improves nutrition and health, offers spiritual enlightenment and improves digestion among other things. But can a diet consisting only of raw foods truly live up to its promises and can it be healthy?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Followers consume a diet regimen made up of fresh, raw fruits and vegetables, sprouted seeds, nuts, legumes, dried fruits, milk from coconut, fresh fruit and vegetable juices and other organic or natural foods which have not been processed. Sounds healthy. It stems from the thinking that raw and living foods contain the essential enzymes needed for proper digestion, as well as containing higher nutrient values. Raw food dieters believe the enzymes in raw foods are the life force and that every food has its own essential enzymes. These enzymes help the body digest the foods completely, without relying on the body’s own enzymes. This means that cooked foods, foods cooked higher than 116  °F, are â€Å" dead† because all of these enzymes and nutrients are destroyed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But is their scientific data to back this up? No, not really. It has been widely known and accepted that cooking our food is healthier and safer. Cooking foods kills any harmful bacteria, it lets us eat a wide variety of foods especially those who cannot tolerate raw uncooked vegetables, which can leave individuals with nutrient deficiencies. And well, yes cooking does kill the foods enzymes, our body has its own enzymes for proper digestion and health and doesn’t need other enzymes.

Importance of Point of View in the Great Gatsby

n novels containing interweaving plot and varying scenes, the author's selection of point of view becomes a primary factor in its impact and effectiveness. The Great Gatsby is such a novel which demonstrates this point most evidently. While Fitzgerald's decision to view the plot through the eyes of Nick Carraway presents certain limitations, it provides the means to relate the tone and message of the novel as whole. F. Scott Fitzgerald would be the first to admit that his masterpiece was not without flaws. In a letter written to Edmund Wilson, he criticized what he understood to be the novel's â€Å"BIG FAULT. † I gave no account of (and had no feeling about or knowledge of) the emotional relationship between Gatsby and Daisy from the time of their reunion to the catastrophe. Undoubtedly, this constraint on detailed development was imposed almost solely by point of view. Because Fitzgerald lays out the plot through the prospective of one essential character, intimacy between any other group of characters is lost or can only be hinted at. Somewhat of a haze surrounds these important relationships, as Nick and in turn the reader are blind to the details of their occurrence. In the case of Gatsby and Daisy, some of the power that backs Gatsby's dream is never presented. Such a situation is somewhat relieved, however, by integration of dialog. Not only does this aspect of of Fitzgerald's point of view thoroughly describe the other character of the novel, but also it keeps the credibility of the narrator in check. Who is to say that Nick Carraway is to be the readers' only insight to the affluent world of Long Island during the 1920's? He himself admitted to being far from perfect; even â€Å"vulnerable. † By providing the reader with a chance to judge the importance, purpose, and mission of each character, less time is spent analyzing the credibility of the narrator and more is devoted to understanding Fitzgerald's statement as a whole. In The Great Gatsby, this is a message that would be lost if it were not for the selected point of view. Fitzgerald, through what Nick perceives and the changes he undergoes, comments specifically on the society of the time. Had he instead relied upon another character's recollection of the same events, the meaning would be lost. The â€Å"carelessness' that the Buchanans represent could not be interpreted as such had someone who could not, in the end, see through the masks of riches been the reader's source of insight. The final impression sought by Fitzgerald would be skewed. Therefore, as limiting as they are, Nick Carraway's eyes (mixed with the converstion around him) provide not only a skillful, but also a necessary framework for the entire novel.

Elementary education 1833-1870 Essay

What was the role of the government in developing Elementary Education 1833-1870? 1. Why did the government play little role in education before the nineteenth century? Government played little role in education prior to the nineteenth century because of many reasons, one of them being Laissez faire. Laissez faire was the philosophy of the government that it was not their role to get involved in the lives of the people. Edward Baines wrote about the state of education in 1846 and said â€Å"it is not the duty of the government to feed the people†¦these are things that the people can and ought to do themselves† some thought this was the way God wanted things to be. Other felt that the fittest and richest could survive; the idea did nothing for the poor. One of the only things government was willing to get involved in was defending the country. Money was another motive why the government played little role. The government didn’t want to spend money on educating the poor, they would much rather spend their money on the royal stables and the military. On Samuel Whitbread’s Bill this topic was discussed â€Å"It would burden the country with a most enormous expense†. Not only did they not want to put money towards education but also it was going to be a very expensive project, which they thought could be done without. Samuel Whitbread argued that more education was needed and that raises money was the way forward when he stood up to the government, but the House of Lords rejected his Bill. The Class system was another thing that was preventing the government from contributing money towards education. Everyone knew his or her place in society so for the poor to read write and be educated would make them more intelligent and mess up the ‘The Great Chain of Being’; this was another name for the social structure at the time. The chain of being was written about once by a Bishop in 1720 and he said â€Å"God so orders it that we always have some Poor among us† from this the ‘The great chain of being’ had come about. The Government simply didn’t see the need for change. There were already Sunday Schools and Dame Schools available for the poor, which were supplied by the church and individuals ‘As far as education was concerned, the government was content’ reading this its seems as if the government couldn’t be bothered to improve if there was nothing wrong with how things were currently going. This reminds me of the old saying ‘why fix it, if its not broken’. Revolutionary ideas were also something that was considered to be a threat if the poor were to be educated. If they were taught to read then they would be able to understand and read Anti-Christian books and stories about revolutions in other countries such as France. This was also discussed in the Debate on Samuel Whitbread’s Bill, â€Å"It would enable them to read vicious books, and publications against Christianity† religion was very strong at this time and to disrupt it could have lead to social unrest. Revolting against how they feel they stand in society would â€Å"make them insolent to their superiors† this was also talked about on Samuel Whitbread’s Bill. Parents of poor children didn’t want their children to go to school and learn, because they wanted them to work and earn money. This was the traditional way of life for the poor people and most of them were keen to stick with it. They worked on farms and in mines. However if the parents were to look at the advantages of educating their children they would see that with an education they could get better jobs and earn more money. Even though it would have taken time it still would have been the more intelligent choice, but as they were not educated themselves they never thought of it that way. 2. Why did the government become involved in developing elementary education for all during the nineteenth century? Government eventually had to become involved in developing elementary education. The increasing population meant that schools could not cope with the large amounts of pupils, so more schools were built to accommodate the demands of numbers. The large numbers of pupils also meant that more teachers were needed and to employ more teachers money was needed, so without the help and money from the government education would have gone nowhere. Not only would they have needed more teachers but also they would need bigger schools to have room for the large increase of pupils. The poor people could no longer look after themselves, so the government had to step in. They may have been struggling because the higher classes were sending their children to school so they would have had a tremendous advantage over the poor and uneducated children when they both contest for work, as they got older. A link the raising population had with the changes outside education is firstly the 1832 Great Reform Act. For the first time the large new industrial towns were able to elect MPs, most of these MPs were keen on cleaning up the towns. In the end the combined effects of the Reform Act and the cholera epidemic of 1832 made the living conditions in all towns a major political issue. An education was needed for people to be able to operate the machines. Due to these demands the scope of education was widened to include the children of more ordinary men and women. ‘Better-educated clerks and crafts people were needed’ to produce better goods to increase the countries economy with trade. Better-educated workers were wanted; the future of workers education took a big step forward with the Factory Act of 1833. This Act laid down that every factory child should receive two hours’ schooling a day. Other countries were educating their youth and were therefore were ahead of Britain in that department, so to avoid embarrassment and keep up to date the government decided it was time to teach the younger generation. This was a very important time for the country because they realised that the children are the future and educating them would be so much better for the government. This would be because to have more educated workers in the future would mean people doing and understanding their jobs better. If countries got ahead of Britain then they would have more knowledge, to stop this the government introduced an education Bill, this was read from it â€Å"If we leave our workfolk unskilled, they will become over-matched in the competition of the world† by W. E Forster. More money was coming in from the country’s trade and empire. This meant that more money could and was put forward towards education for the poor. Most of the money from the trade came from the industrial revolution. This was mainly thanks to the trade that merchants did with Australia and other countries. Another thing that played a key part in the great income was the Railway industry. This was very quickly becoming a national system and brought in great loads of money. A link with more money coming in from education was that more money could be spent on defence. This was very helpful because if Britain were to go to war we would have hopefully have been well off. Poor people were given the chance to vote, but they needed some knowledge of who to vote for and why. If they knew what things they wanted from the government, then they could have a rough idea of who shares the same thoughts and ambition as them for the running of the country. They needed to know who to vote for because if that person won he would run the country, so they are voting for a very important matter. In the reform Act of 1867 most working class men were giving the chance to vote. This was very important link outside education because with educated voters the country has a better chance of a good and well presented Prime Minister.   

Nike Advertisement Analysis

Advertisements have been used for years to sell products. As long as there have been consumers there have been ads, although in many different media. Different companies or groups release ads to promote a certain product, idea, or brand. Nike is no exception. Nike has been a leading brand in sports for 46 years. They are most known for their athletic shoes, but Nike manufactures all sorts of athletic apparel as well as equipment. Nike publishes many printed advertisements every day. Their ad campaign has been an iconic one, using repetition, a textbook marketing strategy, to create recognition of the brand. Nike ads are very commonly featured with the same basic elements in all of the printed advertisements they publish. These conventions that are constantly repeated are what help consumers to recognize the advertisement as belonging to Nike very quickly. The conventions that remain present in every Nike ad that help to create brand recognition are the consistent graphic elements, the indelible Nike swoosh and the slogan â€Å"Just Do It. † Nike is an iconic brand. They have made a name for themselves in the world of sports as well marketing. Nike has been one of the few brands whom continue to grow explosively even in the currently upturned market (Kapner). They have achieved this through superior brand management. Consumers will pay more money for a product they think is manufactured well. Nike has done a wonderful job at portraying themselves as a superior sports apparel brand. The â€Å"Just Do It† ad campaign is one that has been known for its detached, determined and unsentimental advertisements (Center for Applied Research). Nike seems above the world, having advertisements that do not focus on current events. They rarely focus on the product, as much as the people showcasing them. They are heroic, noble, fierce looking people (Gould). These ads focus on the intense inward focus of a supreme athlete. This superiority that comes through in the ads is what makes us pay attention to Nike in both in regards to marketing as well as sports products. Graphics are a big part of printed advertisements. Many printed advertisements rely on pictures to get the intended message across. Sometimes, very little words are necessary when a good picture is present. Nike frequently uses pictures of individual athletes or an entire team of athletes, usually wearing Nike products, to promote their brand. One ad, for example, shows a shirtless LeBron James against a black background holding a basketball. The Nike swoosh is present followed by words that say, â€Å"Prepare for combat. † Nike is using LeBron, as a star athlete to sell their product. Nike has also always used, and continues to use guilt to sell products. They print ads that show athletes with the intensity that everyone wishes they possess in regards to their sport (Center for Applied Research). For example, one Nike ad, entitled Inner Drive, shows a woman in brightly colored running gear stretching in front of her house before she runs. The house and the car both look neglected. The consumer gets a feeling that this is an intense and dedicated athlete. She ignores her car because she is so dedicated to running. This is the kind of dedication that people respect and want to emulate. Consumers may feel like they are not serious about their sport, or aren’t giving their best effort if they aren’t wearing Nike. Another approach Nike has used for years is to show only a picture of the product they are trying to sell. This is done primarily with athletic shoe advertisements. For years Nike has taken the route of very plain ads, making the shoe the most exciting thing on the page. In the 90s, for example, Nike published a series of ads promoting the new air max line. These ads depicted various kinds of shoes, whether they are running shoes, tennis shoes, or basketball shoes, and that was it. Only the shoes were present on the page, with a sentence or two of text, and a logo coupled with the slogan in the corner. Another more recent ad that has this same format is one that advertises for LeBron James’ sixth pair of basketball shoes. The ad shows a picture of these shoes, and only the words â€Å" The Six. † These two types of graphics elements are some of the key elements that help consumers recognize the Nike brand. Another common theme of the Nike advertisement campaign is their logo, the swoosh. Logos, also called logotypes, are a graphic representation or symbol of a company name, trademark or abbreviation, often uniquely designed for ready recognition (Dictionary. com). Nike uses the swoosh to help consumers associate things like hard work, commitment, and tenacity with their brand (Center for Applied Research). The swoosh can be used just like a signature. This logo appears on products themselves, as well as the advertisements for those products. This way consumers know that a swoosh, and everything it is shown with, means Nike. Every shoe Nike makes and every ad they publish displays a swoosh prominently for everyone to see. It is this consistency that makes the swoosh effective. If the swoosh were only present some of the time it would not be as synonymous with Nike as it is today. Slogans are a key element in brand identity. A slogan is a phrase that a company uses for consumers to easily associate something with that particular brand (Dictionary. om). Nike uses the slogan â€Å"Just Do It† to link advertisements and ideas to their company. This slogan is found on many products and almost all pieces of advertisement. When someone hears â€Å"Just do it† they think of Nike. We have been conditioned to think this way. Some ads depict a blank page showing only the Nike swoosh and the slogan. These simple advertisements ar e an effective way to advertise the products and link the slogan with the logo for further brand recognition. Nike has been a force in the sports universe for 46 years. The 80s and 90s marked the birth of the â€Å"Just Do It† ad campaign. Since then Nike has become a staple of American culture. The products Nike manufactures have changed. They have expanded and grown as a company. However one thing has remained constant over the years. Although Nike has made so many different products, and most people couldn’t recall what was the popular shoe in 1985, most everyone knows The Nike swoosh and the phrase â€Å"Just Do It. † The marketing genius that went into creating the consistent graphics, the swoosh logo, and the popular slogan, â€Å"Just Do It† is the reason why America knows and respects the Nike brand and their products, and will continue to do so for many more years to come.Works CitedCenter for Applied Research. â€Å"Mini-case Study: Nike’s â€Å"Just Do It† Advertising Campaign.† Print. Gould, Thomas. â€Å"Advertising Campaigns: Great Campaigns.† (2006). Web. Kapner, Suzanne. â€Å"With Sneaker Glut at Stores Easing, Nike Is Slowly Getting Back on Its Feet.â €  Los Angeles Times [Los Angeles] 4 July 1998. Print. Nike. Advertisement. 1st Round Athletics. Nike, 2009. Web . Nike. Advertisement. GenXXL. Web. . Nike. Advertisement. The Future of Ads. Web. . Dictionary.com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary.com. Web. 3 Dec. 2010. . Nike Advertisement Analysis Advertisements have been used for years to sell products. As long as there have been consumers there have been ads, although in many different media. Different companies or groups release ads to promote a certain product, idea, or brand. Nike is no exception. Nike has been a leading brand in sports for 46 years. They are most known for their athletic shoes, but Nike manufactures all sorts of athletic apparel as well as equipment. Nike publishes many printed advertisements every day. Their ad campaign has been an iconic one, using repetition, a textbook marketing strategy, to create recognition of the brand. Nike ads are very commonly featured with the same basic elements in all of the printed advertisements they publish. These conventions that are constantly repeated are what help consumers to recognize the advertisement as belonging to Nike very quickly. The conventions that remain present in every Nike ad that help to create brand recognition are the consistent graphic elements, the indelible Nike swoosh and the slogan â€Å"Just Do It. † Nike is an iconic brand. They have made a name for themselves in the world of sports as well marketing. Nike has been one of the few brands whom continue to grow explosively even in the currently upturned market (Kapner). They have achieved this through superior brand management. Consumers will pay more money for a product they think is manufactured well. Nike has done a wonderful job at portraying themselves as a superior sports apparel brand. The â€Å"Just Do It† ad campaign is one that has been known for its detached, determined and unsentimental advertisements (Center for Applied Research). Nike seems above the world, having advertisements that do not focus on current events. They rarely focus on the product, as much as the people showcasing them. They are heroic, noble, fierce looking people (Gould). These ads focus on the intense inward focus of a supreme athlete. This superiority that comes through in the ads is what makes us pay attention to Nike in both in regards to marketing as well as sports products. Graphics are a big part of printed advertisements. Many printed advertisements rely on pictures to get the intended message across. Sometimes, very little words are necessary when a good picture is present. Nike frequently uses pictures of individual athletes or an entire team of athletes, usually wearing Nike products, to promote their brand. One ad, for example, shows a shirtless LeBron James against a black background holding a basketball. The Nike swoosh is present followed by words that say, â€Å"Prepare for combat. † Nike is using LeBron, as a star athlete to sell their product. Nike has also always used, and continues to use guilt to sell products. They print ads that show athletes with the intensity that everyone wishes they possess in regards to their sport (Center for Applied Research). For example, one Nike ad, entitled Inner Drive, shows a woman in brightly colored running gear stretching in front of her house before she runs. The house and the car both look neglected. The consumer gets a feeling that this is an intense and dedicated athlete. She ignores her car because she is so dedicated to running. This is the kind of dedication that people respect and want to emulate. Consumers may feel like they are not serious about their sport, or aren’t giving their best effort if they aren’t wearing Nike. Another approach Nike has used for years is to show only a picture of the product they are trying to sell. This is done primarily with athletic shoe advertisements. For years Nike has taken the route of very plain ads, making the shoe the most exciting thing on the page. In the 90s, for example, Nike published a series of ads promoting the new air max line. These ads depicted various kinds of shoes, whether they are running shoes, tennis shoes, or basketball shoes, and that was it. Only the shoes were present on the page, with a sentence or two of text, and a logo coupled with the slogan in the corner. Another more recent ad that has this same format is one that advertises for LeBron James’ sixth pair of basketball shoes. The ad shows a picture of these shoes, and only the words â€Å" The Six. † These two types of graphics elements are some of the key elements that help consumers recognize the Nike brand. Another common theme of the Nike advertisement campaign is their logo, the swoosh. Logos, also called logotypes, are a graphic representation or symbol of a company name, trademark or abbreviation, often uniquely designed for ready recognition (Dictionary. com). Nike uses the swoosh to help consumers associate things like hard work, commitment, and tenacity with their brand (Center for Applied Research). The swoosh can be used just like a signature. This logo appears on products themselves, as well as the advertisements for those products. This way consumers know that a swoosh, and everything it is shown with, means Nike. Every shoe Nike makes and every ad they publish displays a swoosh prominently for everyone to see. It is this consistency that makes the swoosh effective. If the swoosh were only present some of the time it would not be as synonymous with Nike as it is today. Slogans are a key element in brand identity. A slogan is a phrase that a company uses for consumers to easily associate something with that particular brand (Dictionary. om). Nike uses the slogan â€Å"Just Do It† to link advertisements and ideas to their company. This slogan is found on many products and almost all pieces of advertisement. When someone hears â€Å"Just do it† they think of Nike. We have been conditioned to think this way. Some ads depict a blank page showing only the Nike swoosh and the slogan. These simple advertisements ar e an effective way to advertise the products and link the slogan with the logo for further brand recognition. Nike has been a force in the sports universe for 46 years. The 80s and 90s marked the birth of the â€Å"Just Do It† ad campaign. Since then Nike has become a staple of American culture. The products Nike manufactures have changed. They have expanded and grown as a company. However one thing has remained constant over the years. Although Nike has made so many different products, and most people couldn’t recall what was the popular shoe in 1985, most everyone knows The Nike swoosh and the phrase â€Å"Just Do It. † The marketing genius that went into creating the consistent graphics, the swoosh logo, and the popular slogan, â€Å"Just Do It† is the reason why America knows and respects the Nike brand and their products, and will continue to do so for many more years to come.Works CitedCenter for Applied Research. â€Å"Mini-case Study: Nike’s â€Å"Just Do It† Advertising Campaign.† Print. Gould, Thomas. â€Å"Advertising Campaigns: Great Campaigns.† (2006). Web. Kapner, Suzanne. â€Å"With Sneaker Glut at Stores Easing, Nike Is Slowly Getting Back on Its Feet.â €  Los Angeles Times [Los Angeles] 4 July 1998. Print. Nike. Advertisement. 1st Round Athletics. Nike, 2009. Web . Nike. Advertisement. GenXXL. Web. . Nike. Advertisement. The Future of Ads. Web. . Dictionary.com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary.com. Web. 3 Dec. 2010. .